Causes of the black death

There are several reasons as to why the Romans chose London as a settlement these include land, the Romans were excellent constructors therefore they needed a large amount of land to build their Empire. Another reason was that they noticed a river (now known as the River Thames). The Romans realised that this river could be extremely useful in many ways such as water for growth and survival, transport to get from one location to another and for trade, with the river ships from all over the world would be able to access this point to trade a variety of things for instance silver to make jewellery and coins, wool to make clothes, they also imported silk from China to decorate clothing and many more. By importing merchandise from other countries the Romans were able to raise their standards of living and have many luxuries. In approximately 50AD the Romans named London ‘Londinium'. Londinium was crowned capital of England there were two main reasons for this since the River Thames was in London for trades still coming in, and because they had a strong defence in Londinium as they settled in the north bank of the River Thames where two hills protected them which gave them better possibilities in war. It was essential for the Romans to have a brilliant defence because there were still Celtics roaming around who were always trying to win back land with brutal force such as the attack of Queen Boudicca in 61 AD who burnt Londinium to the ground she was described as: â€Å"Very tall, the glance of her eye most fierce; her voice harsh. A great mass of the reddest hair fell down to her hips. Her appearance was terrifying.† By the 1300s London's population had grown to 80,000 many things had changed London was a progressing city. In the 1300s there were a variety reasons people decided to settle in London. London was an improving city with many attractive buildings, there were lots of occupation available for all such as farming, tannery working, fishing and more, for entertainment there were hundreds of theatres to visit, there were countless number of Cathedrals to visit and London had easy transport because of the River Thames along with the London Bridge. Medieval London was made up of narrow and twisted streets, and the majority of buildings were made from very flammable materials such as wood and straw, which made fire a constant threat. Hygiene in London was awfully poor people weren't conscious about their health they got rid of rubbish anyhow they threw out their waste without caring where it fell. The houses would have had none of the things we accept as normal today – no running water, no toilets, no baths and washing basins. Soap was unheard of and as was shampoo. People would have been covered with dirt, fleas and lice. Beds were simply straw stuffed mattresses and these would have attracted lice, fleas and all types of bugs. Bathing would be rare even for the rich, rich people might have had a bath a few times a year! Your toilet would have been a wooden bucket which would have been emptied into the nearest river at the start of the day your water supply would also come from the same river. Families would have cooked and slept in the same room. Children would have slept in a loft if the cruck house was big enough. At night, any animal you owned would be brought inside for safety. There were a number of reasons for this. First, wild animals roamed the countryside. England still had wolves and bears in the forests and these could easily have taken a pig, cow or chickens. The loss of any animal could be a disaster but the loss of valuable animals such as an ox would be a catastrophe. If left outside at night they could also have been stolen or simply have wandered off. If they were inside your house, none of these would happen and they were safe. However, they must have made the house even more dirty than it usually would have been as none of these animals would have been house-trained. They would have also brought in fleas and flies etc. increasing the unhygienic nature of the house. Some of the settlement factors people would look for in the fourteenth century were high-quality occupation offered for all such as such as bakery, leatherworking, blacksmithing, carpenters, armourers, bowyers/fletchers and swordsmithing. People chose places which looked eye-catching and there was an enjoyable place to visit and People would want better and improved transport as well as brilliant security and fair laws. The Black Death started in Europe when the Genoese decided to escape the plague by fleeing from Caffa (where the Black Death originated from). The Genoese boarded their ships and set sail for Italy carrying rats, flees and the Black Death with them. The Black Death transmitted when a flea drank a rat's blood that carried the yersina pestis (plague germs). The yersina pestis would multiply until the flea's gut was clogged with it. The flea would then bite a human ejecting the rat's blood into the open wound the human would then be infected. This cycle carried on until the lives of 50 million people were taken from them in Europe wiping out half of London's population. It is said that the that the It was simple for the Black Death to spread in London since Hygiene in London was awfully poor as shown in the fourth paragraph there was a lot of congestion because London was dreadfully overpopulated and houses were still being developed people would cook, eat, sleep and go to the toilet in the same room which meant a lot of germs. In conclusion I think that the settlement of London did help the plague to spread in the 1300s because of various reasons including many of the reasons shown above mainly since the type of people that who settled there, and the fact that they had no sewage for their waste to go to. But I think that if the people not just in London but all around the world were more alert and aware of germs and hygiene then the Black Death would never have started.

Fra Lippo Lippi: Argument About Art

Then, you'll take Your hand away that's fiddling on my throat†¦ † (12-13). Why then Is the monologue delivered? It might be regarded as a sort of apologia , as his captors are not a little surprised by discovering their prisoners membership of a monastic order: â€Å"Though your eye twinkles still, you shake your head – Mine's shaved -? a monk. You say -? the sting's in that! If Master Cosmic announced himself, Mum's the word naturally; but a monk! † (76-79). However, beginning as such, Far Lollipop Lippies speech turns Into an emotional outpouring of his ideas regarding art and Its nature.He seems to find It easier to share his independent opinions with the guards, who are socially closer to him than either his Prior or his influential patron. It is a monologue of an artist hindered in his work by his customers, as he has to adapt his paintings to their tastes, however distasteful he finds it. By and by he expresses his views on the nature of art, it connect ion with religion and Its mission. His views defer significantly from the Church's doctrine that the truthful depiction of human body Is unnecessary and harmful, as art is to elevate human soul. Ding it to forget the earthly. For Prior the artist's truthful depiction of human body is â€Å"devil's game† (172). His main objection is that Lollipop's paintings â€Å"do to so instigate to prayer† (316), which should be the chief objective of art. The art should deal with the spiritual world, using material things as far as they reflect the spiritual categories: his demand to the artist can be reduced to â€Å"Give us no more of body than shows the soul† (188). Lollipop successfully builds his own philosophy of art, refuting the Prior's arguments.While the Prior Is hypocritical In his despise of body, Lollipop's art Is sincere In Its praise of God's creation. He supposes that there is nothing sinful in representing things as they are, eliciting in his viewers a thril l of recognition in something that is to be called realism centuries later. â€Å"The shapes of things, their colors, lights and shades, Changes, surprises, -? and God made it all! † (284-285) Thus it is no pointless imitation of nature, it helps viewers to see nature as created by God anew. Furthermore, it revives the soul and calls It towards God, helping to see HIS work In everyday things.The artist works ad ma]room del Gloria and tries to use his talent to help people in their search of God. Far Lollipop Lippies conception of art differs widely from that which is expressed by the Church in the person of the Prior. He insists that his art does serve God – better than it would if he conformed to the Prior's demands. Firstly, he feels that art, as the Prior sees it, is hypocritical. As it is, You tell too many lies and hurt yourself: You don't Like what you only Like too much, You ah Like want, IT glen you at your word, You find abundantly detestable. 261-264) But is does not he lead a hypocritical life either? Remember, he is a monk – and he is caught â€Å"at an alley's end Where sportive ladies leave their doors ajar? † (5-6) Even rough watchmen look disapproving and shocked. Lollipop Justifies himself. He points UT that he was an eight-year-old child when he was forced to take monastic vows by extreme hunger. He had to renounce either the world with its temptations or a piece of bread, and certainly he chose the former. I'm grown a man no doubt, I've broken bounds: You should not take a fellow eight years old And make him swear to never kiss the girls. 223-225) Secondly, Lollipop insists that his art does serve the Church. His opponents would like his paintings to set the objectives rather than reflect the current state of things, but the artist answers: †¦ Don't you mark? We're made so that we love hen we see them painted, things we have passed Perhaps a hundred times nor cared to see; And so they are better, painted -? b etter to us, Which is the same thing. Art was given for that; God uses us to help each other so, Lending our minds out. (300-306) First He points out that his works are not a mere meaningless imitation of life.They help people to understand, evaluate and appreciate things around them anew, to see them with other eyes, or Just to see what they have been blind to. As he sees it, such use of art comes directly from God, and he obeys Him and serves Him with his gift as well as he is able to. Next, he presents an apologia of the body. It cannot be detached from soul, as it is also a part of a human being. The world as a whole unites both the spiritual and the material, the heavenly and the earthly – it was so created by God.For me, I think I speak as I was taught; I always see the garden and God there A-making man's wife: and, my lesson learned, The value and significance of flesh, I can't unlearn ten minutes afterwards (265-269) The flesh is an integral part of a human being, it cannot and must not be ignored as God's creation. Thus Lollipop and the Prior's argument extends beyond the subject of art into a potentially dangerous area, broaching the subject of mandatory celibacy for clergymen. Lollipop doubts its Justice and expresses ideas which are to appear a few centuries later.He supposes that God's gifts should inspire Joy and gratitude rather than be rejected – and he expresses this in his paintings: Do you feel thankful, ay or For this fair town's face, yonder river's line, The mountain round it and the sky above, Much more the figures of man, woman, child, These are the frame to? What's it all about? Dwelt upon, To be passed over, despised? Or Wondered at? Oh, this last of course! -? you say. (286-292) He highlights the great alee AT a person, an Uninominal, as a material Ana spiritual wangle. Nature Is only a frame for a human being.Human body is made by God, and as such it is worth admiring and painting in all its perfection. It is Prior's d isdainful and pejorative attitude towards it that is sinful, as it is disdain towards God's own creation. Once again, Browning puts into Lipids mind the ideas of the following generations. Lastly, according to the artist, beauty itself does not wake only worldly feelings – it inspires people and awakens the soul: If you get simple beauty and naught else, You get about the best thing God invents: That's somewhat: and you'll find the soul you have missed, Within yourself, when you return him thanks. 217-220) Thus it serves both God and people. Thus it provides the victory of the spiritual over the material – the Church teaches us to aspire to. This conception is akin to Dostoevsky â€Å"Beauty will save the world†. Beauty is endowed by the artist with a power to revive the human soul – and what higher mission could art have? Here is its ultimate aim. It appears symbolic that Lollipop is caught at the alleys end. His own life look a blind alley: both in his life and in his art he is cannot follow his liberal ideas. In life, he is forced to do it secretly.In art, being extremely sensitive to criticism, he frequently has to conform, to adapt, to paint what is expected of him: So, I swallow my rage, Clench my teeth, suck my lips in tight, and paint To please them -? sometimes do and sometimes don't†¦ (242-244) But his masterpieces live and, having inspired Robert Browning to write the poem, continue to be wondered at and admired, which speaks for itself. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Volume E: The Victorian Age. 8th De. W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. Print.

A Human Resources Management System Essay

A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS), refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. On the whole, these ERP systems have their origin from software that integrates information from different applications into one universal database. The linkage of its financial and human resource modules through one database is the most important distinction to the individually and proprietary developed predecessors, which makes this software application both rigid and flexible. A Human Capital Management Solution, Human Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS), as it is commonly called is the crossing of HR systems and processes with information technology. The wave of technological advancement has revolutionized each and every space of life today, and HR in its entirety was not left untouched by it. What started off with a simple software to help improve the payroll processing of an organization, or a software to track the employee work timings has grown to become the Human Resources systems that helps improve the process efficiency, reduces the cost and time spent on mundane tasks and at the same time improved the overall experience of the employees and the HR professionals. In short, as the role of Human Resources function evolved, HR technology systems also changed the role they were playing. The function of human resources (HR) departments is administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. Management of â€Å"human capital† progressed to an imperative and complex process. The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data, which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary. To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before client–server architectures evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to  mainframe computers that could handle large amounts of data transactions. In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to buy or program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were limited to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital. The advent of client–server, application service provider, and software as a service (SaaS) or human resource management systems enabled higher administrative control of such systems. Currently human resource management systems encompass: 1. Payroll 2. Time and attendance 3. Performance appraisal 4. Benefits administration 5. HR management information system 6. Recruiting/Learning management 7. Performance record 8. Employee self-service 9. Scheduling 10. Absence management 11. Analytics The payroll module automates the pay process by gathering data on employee time and attendance, calculating various deductions and taxes, and generating periodic pay cheques and employee tax reports. Data is generally fed from the human resources and time keeping modules to calculate automatic deposit and manual cheque writing capabilities. This module can encompass all employee-related transactions as well as integrate with existing financial management systems. The time and attendance module gathers standardized time and work related efforts. The most advanced modules provide broad flexibility in data collection methods, labor distribution capabilities and data analysis features. Cost analysis and efficiency metrics are the primary functions. The benefits administration module provides a system for organizations to administer and track employee participation in benefits programs. These typically encompass insurance, compensation, profit sharing and retirement. The HR management module is a component covering many other HR aspects from application to retirement. The system records basic demographic and address data, selection, training and  development, capabilities and skills management, compensation planning records and other related activities. Leading edge systems provide the ability to â€Å"read† applications and enter relevant data to applicable database fields, notify employers and provide position management and position control. Human resource management function involves the recruitment, placement, evaluation, compensation and development of the employees of an organization. Initially, businesses used computer based information systems to: produce pay checks and payroll reports; maintain personnel records; pursue talent management. Online recruiting has become one of the primary methods employed by HR departments to garner potential candidates for available positions within an organization. Talent management systems typically encompass: analyzing personnel usage within an organization; identifying potential applicants; recruiting through company-facing listings; recruiting through online recruiting sites or publications that market to both recruiters and applicants. The significant cost incurred in maintaining an organized recruitment effort, cross-posting within and across general or industry-specific job boards and maintaining a competitive exposure of availabilities has given rise to the development of a dedicated applicant tracking system, or ‘ATS’, module. The training module provides a system for organizations to administer and track employee training and development efforts. The system, normally called a â€Å"learning management system† (LMS) if a standalone product, allows HR to track education, qualifications and skills of the employees, as well as outlining what training courses, books, CDs, web based learning or materials are available to develop which skills. Courses can then be offered in date specific sessions, with delegates and training resources being mapped and managed within the same system. Sophisticated LMS allow managers to approve training, budgets and calendars alongside performance management and appraisal metrics. The employee self-service module allows employees to query HR related data and perform some HR transactions over the system. Employees may query their attendance  record from the system without asking the information from HR personnel. The module also lets supervisors approve O.T. requests from their subordinates through the system without overloading the task on HR department. Many organizations have gone beyond the traditional functions and developed human resource management information systems, which support recruitment, selection, hiring, job placement, performance appraisals, employee benefit analysis, health, safety and security, while others integrate an outsourced applicant tracking system that encompasses a subset of the above. Assigning Responsibilities Communication between the Employees. The Analytics module enables organizations to extend the value of an HRMS implementation by extracting HR related data for use with other business intelligence platforms. For example, organizations combine HR metrics with other business data to identify trends and anomalies in headcount in order to better predict the impact of employee turnover on future output. Management of Employee Turnover and Employee Retention Employee retention refers to the ability of an organization to retain its employees. Employee retention can be represented by a simple statistic (for example, a retention rate of 80% usually indicates that an organization kept 80% of its employees in a given period). However, many consider employee retention as relating to the efforts by which employers attempt to retain employees in their workforce. In this sense, retention becomes the strategies rather than the outcome. A distinction should be drawn between low performing employees and top performers, and efforts to retain employees should be targeted at valuable, contributing employees. Employee turnover is a symptom of a deeper issue that has not been resolved. These deeper issues may include low employee morale, absence of a clear career path, lack of recognition, poor employee-manager relationships or many other issues. A lack of satisfaction and commitment to the organization can also cause an employee to withdraw and begin looking for other opportunities. Pay does not always play as large a role in inducing turnover as is typically believed. In a business setting, the goal of employers is usually to decrease employee turnover, thereby decreasing training costs, recruitment costs and loss of talent and organisational knowledge. By implementing lessons learned from  key organizational behavior concepts employers can improve retention rates and decrease the associated costs of high turnover. However, this isn’t always the case. Employers can seek â€Å"positive turnover† whereby they aim to maintain only those employees who they consider to be high performers. In human resources context, turnover or staff turnover or labour turnover is the rate at which an employer loses and gains employees. Simple ways to describe it are â€Å"how long employees tend to stay† or â€Å"the rate of traffic through the revolving door†. Turnover is measured for individual companies and for their industry as a whole. If an employer is said to have a high turnover relative to its competitors, it means that employees of that company have a shorter average tenure than those of other companies in the same industry. High turnover may be harmful to a company’s productivity if skilled workers are often leaving and the worker population contains a high percentage of novice workers. Companies also often track turnover internally across departments and divisions or other demographic groups such as turnover of women versus turnover of men. Retention Programs It is important to first pinpoint the root cause of the retention issue before implementing a program to address it. Once identified, a program can be tailored to meet the unique needs of the organization. A variety of programs exist to help increase employee retention. Career Development – It is important for employees to understand their career path within an organization to motivate them to remain in the organization to achieve their personal career goals. Through surveys, discussion and classroom instruction, employees can better understand their goals for personal development. With these developmental goals in mind, organizations can offer tailored career development opportunities to their employees. Executive Coaching – Executive coaching can be used to build competencies in leaders within an organization. Coaching can be useful in times of organizational change, to increase a leader’s effectiveness or to encourage managers to implement coaching techniques with peers and direct reports. The coaching process begins with an assessment of the individual’s strengths and opportunities for improvement. The issues are then prioritized and  interventions are delivered to target key weaknesses. Assistance is then provided to encourage repeated use of newly acquired skills. Motivating Across Generations – Today’s workforce includes a diverse population of employees from multiple generations. As each generation holds different expectations for the workplace, it is important to understand the differences between these generations regarding motivation and engagement. Managers, especially, must understand how to handle the differences among their direct re ports. Orientation and On Boarding – An employee’s perception of an organization takes shape during the first several days on the job. It is in the best interest of both the employee and the organization to impart knowledge about the company quickly and effectively to integrate the new employee into the workforce. By implementing an effective on boarding process, short-term turnover rates will decrease and productivity will increase. Women’s Retention Programs – Programs such as mentoring, leadership development and networking that are geared specifically toward women can help retain top talent and decrease turnover costs. By implementing programs to improve work/life balance, employees can be more engaged and productive while at work. Exit Interview and Separation Management Programs Retention tools and resources Employee Surveys – By surveying employees, organizations can gain insight into the motivation, engagement and satisfaction of their employees. It is important for organizations to understand the perspective of the employee in order to create programs targeting any particular issues that may impact employee retention. Exit Interviews – By including exit interviews in the process of employee separation, organizations can gain valuable insight into the workplace experience. Exit interviews allow the organization to understand the triggers of the employee’s desire to leave as well as the aspects of their work that they enjoyed. The organization can then use this information to make necessary changes to their company to retain top talent. Exit interviews must, however, ask the right questions and elicit honest responses from separating employees to be effective. Employee Retention Consultants – An employee retention consultant can assist organizations in the process of retaining top employees. Consultants can provide expertise on  how to best identify the issues within an organization that are related to turnover. Once identified, a consultant can suggest programs or organizational changes to address these issues and may also assist in the implementation of these programs or changes. Employee retention best practices By focusing on the fundamentals, organizations can go a long way towards building a high-retention workplace. Organizations can start by defining their culture and identifying the types of individuals that would thrive in that environment. Organizations should adhere to the fundamental new hire orientation and on boarding plans. Attracting and recruiting top talent requires time, resources and capital. However, these are all wasted if employees are not positioned to succeed within the company. Research has shown that an employee’s first 10 days are critical because the employee is still adjusting and getting acclimated to the organization. Companies retain good employees by being employers of choice. Recruitment- Presenting applicants with realistic job previews during the recruitment process have a positive effect on retaining new hires. Employers that are transparent about the positive and negative aspects of the job, as well as the challenges and expectations are positionin g themselves to recruit and retain stronger candidates. Selection- There are plethora of selection tools that can help predict job performance and subsequently retention. These include both subjective and objective methods and while organizations are accustomed to using more subjective tools such as interviews, application and resume evaluations, objective methods are increasing in popularity. For example, utilizing biographical data during selection can be an effective technique. Biodata empirically identifies life experiences that differentiate those who stay with an organization and those who quit. Life experiences associated with employees may include tenure on previous jobs, education experiences, and involvement and leadership in related work experiences. Socialization- Socialization practices delivered via a strategic onboarding and assimilation program can help new employees become embedded in the company and thus more likely to stay. Research has shown that socialization practices can help new hires become embedded in the company and thus more likely to stay. These practices include shared and individualized learning  experiences, activities that allow people to get to know one another. Such practices may include providing employees with a role model, mentor or trainer or providing timely and adequate feedback. Training and development- Providing ample training and development opportunities can discourage turnover by keeping employees satisfied and well-positioned for future growth opportunities. In fact, dissatisfaction with potential career development is one of the top three reasons employees (35%) often feel inclined to look elsewhere. if employees are not given opportunities to continually update their skills, they are more likely to leave. Those who receive more training are less likely to quite than those who receive little or no training. Employers that fear providing training will make their employees more marketable and thus increase turnover can offer job specific training, which is less transferable to other contexts. Additi onally, employers can increase retention through development opportunities such as allowing employees to further their education and reimbursing tuition for employees who remain with the company for a specified amount of time. Compensation and rewards- Pay levels and satisfaction are only modest predictors of an employee’s decision to leave the organization; however organizations can lead the market with a strong compensation and reward package as 53% of employees often look elsewhere because of poor compensation and benefits. Organizations can explicitly link rewards to retention (i.e. vacation hours to seniority, offer retention Bonus payments or Employee stock options, or define benefit plan payouts to years of services). Research has shown that defined compensation and rewards as associated with longer tenure. Additionally, organizations can also look to intrinsic rewards such as increased decision-making autonomy. Though this is important, employers should not Effective Leaders- An employee’s relationship with his/her immediately ranking supervisor or manager is equally important to keeping to making an employee feel embedded and valued within the organization. Supervisors need to know how to motivate their employees and reduce cost while building loyalty in their key people. Managers need to reinforce employee productivity and open communication, to coach employees and provide meaningful feedback and inspire employees to work as an effective team. In order to achieve this, organizations need to prepare managers and supervisors to lead and develop effective relationships  with their subordinates. Executive Coaching can help increase an individual’s effectiveness as a leader as well as boast a climate of learning, trust and teamwork in an organization. To encourage supervisors to focus on retention among their teams, organizations can incorporate a retention metric into their organization’s evaluation. Employee Engagement- Employees who are satisfied with their jobs, enjoy their work and the organization, believe their job to be more important, take pride in the company and feel their contributions are impactful are five times less likely to quit than employees who were not engaged. Engaged employees give their companies crucial competitive advantages, including higher productivity and lower employee turnover.

Middle Eastern Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Middle Eastern Politics - Essay Example This is a time for Presidential election-2008. Democratic candidates like Hillary Rodham Clinton and Republican candidates like Rudy Giuliani and other prominent leaders are in the fray. The general public and political fury against the Republicans concerning United States' military involvement has digressed to a great extent towards the Democrats especially after publication of Carter's book Palestine: Peace not Apartheid. In this sense, his workmanship as an author is benefiting opponents of Democrats!!! How it is happening It is anybody's guess. This is a catch 22 situation. Carter is becoming the cause of "making a mountain of a mole". Democrats are being sandwiched real hard from top to bottom and vice versa like butter and ham between two slices of bread. Why Carter's book sees the light of day at this juncture Maybe just to go for a digression and attract voters attention towards Democrats because otherwise Republicans were being seen falling pray to wider criticism from masses and media about their Iraq policy. One wonders whether this trick can really serve its purpose in the ultimate analysis - giving a boost to the popularity of the Democrats in President ial elections. This is a very high risk proposition. Indeed, stakes are also very high and heavy. Carter has made his Damocles' sword hang on Israelis and Jews inasmuch as he has branded them agents of direct policy of Apartheid against Palestine people and land. The powerful Jew community of United States (US) from within and without has started aiming at the Democrats in the form of a planned campaign. It is because Carter's book points nearly throughout its chapters that Israelis are violators of human rights and world peace: Gaza has maintained a population growth rate of 4.7 percent annually, one of the highest in the world, so more than half its people are less than fifteen years old. They are being strangled since the Israeli "withdrawal," surrounded by a separation barrier that is penetrated only by Israeli-controlled checkpoints, with just a single opening (for personnel only) into Egypt's Sinai as their access to the outside world. There have been no moves by Israel to permit transportation by sea or by air. Fishermen are not permitted to leave the harbor, workers are prevented from going to outside jobs, the import or export of food and other goods is severely restricted and often cut off completely, and the police, teachers, nurses, and social workers are deprived of salaries. Per capita income has decreased 40 percent during the last three years, and the poverty rate has reached 70 percent. The U.N. Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food has stated that acute malnutrition in Gaza is already on the same scale as that seen in the poorer countries of the Southern Sahara, with more than half of Palestinian families eating only one meal a day. (Carter 176). Ali Abunimah, a Palestinian author supports Carter while reviewing his latest book. He writes: The 39th president of the United States, the most successful Arab-Israeli peace negotiator to date, has braved a storm of criticism, including the insinuation from the pro-Israel Anti-Defamation League that his arguments are anti-Semitic. Mr. Carter has tried to mollify critics by suggesting

Market rate of return Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market rate of return - Assignment Example If it is observed that the returns are consistently below the SML line, it will mean that the stock is expected to rise, while if the returns are seen to be consistently above the line, then it will mean that the stock is due for a drop. Graphing the SML for a particular stock requires a stock with a beta that is higher than 1 and this usually outperforms the market, while a beta that is less than 1 implies that it underperforms the market (Shanken, 56). The y-intercept of the SML is equal to risk-free rate. The SML slope is equal to market risk premium and it usually reflects the return trade of a given time. Beta is termed as non-diversifiable or systematic risk. Basing on the generated regression line the equation created is=8.375x-0.166 Going by beta values, the security market line indicates that the relationship between return and risk is linear for the individual securities. For instance, increased return= increased risk. Essentially it indicates what return someone needs to e arn on an investment for it to be worth taking, and this is seen to increase with the investment riskiness. The Security Market Line formula is as below: Required Return = Risk Free Rate + (Beta x [Market Return - Risk Free Rate]) Calculate 95% confidence intervals for the slope and y-intercept. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.997314 R Square 0.994636 Adjusted R Square 0.992848 Standard Error 0.005276 Observations 5 ANOVA Â   df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 0.015486 0.015486 556.2975 0.000167 Residual 3 8.35E-05 2.78E-05 Total 4 0.01557 Â   Â   Â   Â   Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 0.020428 0.004799 4.256403 0.023776 0.005154 0.035702 0.005154 0.035702 X Variable 1 0.118761 0.005035 23.58596 0.000167 0.102737 0.134786 0.102737 0.134786 RESIDUAL OUTPUT Observation Predicted Y Residuals 1 0.04418 0.00582 2 0.079809 -0.00481 3 0.109499 -0.0045 4 0.162942 0.002058 5 0.19857 0.00143 Look up t he current return on one-year Treasury bills/notes as your risk-free rate. Two good sources. In your report, please state your source and the date used. http://fxtrade.oanda.com/analysis/economic-indicators/united-states/rates/yield-curve Date used; November 29, 2013 My risk free rate is 0.05 Given the current risk-free rate, is the regression estimate of your risk-free rate match the actual current risk-free rate? Use confidence intervals to help answer this question. Basing on the confidence interval calculation above, the regression estimate of my risk free rate does not match the actual current risk-free rate because it falls outside the interval or range of 0.10273 and 0.13478 What is the current expected market rate of return (based on your regression)? Basing on my regression, the current expected market rate of return is as below; Using the equation generated from the regression; Y=8.375x-0.166 The current expected market rate of return is equal to X Therefore X=(y+0.166)/8. 375 But we are given Y which is 0.05. The X will now be (0.05+0.166)/8.375=0.02579 Therefore, the current expected market rate of return is 0.02579 Works Cited Shanken, J.On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models,"Review of Financial Studies, 5(1), 1{33,1992. Print Shanken, J.,and G.

Declarative Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Declarative Knowledge - Essay Example As Schraw (2001) explains about the individuals who possess a greater quantity of procedural knowledge. He describes them as having the ability to carry out more errands than others. Declarative knowledge refers to the factual information occupied by a person; this type of knowledge can be stated verbally or textually. Declarative knowledge is the most important among the types of knowledge due to the fact that it talks 'about' the thing or process. If a person in unaware of the basic facts about a process or thing he cannot practice it ever. For instance, if you want to measure the weight of a body you must have the knowledge about its measurement tools and units. However, procedural knowledge is the knowledge which tells about carrying out some process. It talks about the 'how' perspective of a process. It tells how to use the formula or a given fact be used in finding something. For e.g. if one knows the formula of speed he cannot use it directly until he knows the process of usin g it. Similarly if one would not know the formula i.e. would not have Declarative knowledge, he would not be able to use procedural knowledge. Declarative knowledge at times does not have meaning and are forgotten by the individuals. But at times it is not necessary that this knowledge is forgotten as this type of knowledge is necessary for the individuals.

Yosemite Overcrowding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Yosemite Overcrowding - Essay Example Tourism should exist in such a manner that it will not destroy what it is trying to serve. This is morally right. On the contrast, overcrowding in national parks does not save the park environment. This is morally wrong and leads to pollution, soil erosion, vandalism, deterioration of infrastructure in the park, and promotes global warming in the park. In addition, the pursuit of economic gains by allowing overcrowding, at the expense of environmental preservation is morally wrong. Yosemite National Park is one of the national parks in the U.S. that are faced with great overcrowding. The Yosemite Valley was set aside by President Abraham Lincoln in 1864 for preservation (Hayes Web). Since then, people have had the opportunity to enjoy recreation and amenities that have enhanced their experience in Yosemite Valley. However, this privilege faces a threat due to the major problem of overcrowding in the park. Overcrowding is known to have detrimental effects on any park and the environment. In Yosemite Park, there are only 1,100 parking spaces. However, there are more than 8,000 cars that pass through the Yosemite Valley (Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center Web). The large number of people visiting this people puts a strain on the resources in the park. For instance, this has led to degradation of the park air, a lack of parking, and straining on the Merced River (The New York Times Web). There is therefore, need to regulate the public access to the park in order to enhance conservation of the Yosemite Valley. The problem of overcrowding in national parks is a major ethical issue. This is mainly because it is the right of people to visit parks and experience nature. Therefore, stopping people visiting parks in order to avoid overcrowding would be infringing on their rights, which is morally wrong. Nonetheless, it is possible for the management of parks to reach an ethical decision that will ensure that overcrowding in

US National Security Council (NSC) official briefing the National Essay

US National Security Council (NSC) official briefing the National Security Adviser on why rebel groups may take control of parts of Syria - Essay Example outlining the Syrian conflict as that pitting the foreign allies and the government against the groups of insurgents who are mainly against the government (Syrian conflict spills into cyberspace, 2013). Since the end of the World War II, the context of International Relations to the United States has transformed largely. The nation being the world’s superpower has the mandate to maintain this position by asserting its influence on global issues that define the nature of global cohesion. Therefore, the conflict in Syria, as experienced in other nations such as Libya and Iraq, requires the intervention of the United States. Through the National Security Council, the National Security Advisor of the Head of State reviews the situation in Syria, mapping out the possible implications of the ongoing conflict in accordance with the traditional American viewpoint of International Relations (Choi and James, 2014). The Syrian Conflict may encounter the rebels taking control of most parts of the country because certain foreign forces allied to the ISIS rebels continue funding this movement. Due to the barbaric use of chemical weapons by the Syrian leader on the people of that country, many countries have expressed their solidarity against the leader. This unity between the foreign countries and the radicals empowers the rebels through offering them advanced weapons and funds to fight against the oppression endured by the innocent citizens. In response to these actions, the United States Security Council decided that the United States needs to conduct limited attacks against the Syrian leadership. The U.S holds the mantle for being the most democratic state, and believes that it is the obligation of each government to protect their citizens. Therefore, the choice to join the Syrian government in fighting ISIS will be an indication that U.S supports oppression, while the collaboration with rebel forces will insinuate that the U.S is a state that does not recognize the

The little school by Alcia Partnoy preface by Julia Alvarez Essay

The little school by Alcia Partnoy preface by Julia Alvarez - Essay Example "The little school" by Alcia Partnoy preface by Julia Alvarez The history reveals that most of the literature created during imprisonment attains the status of ‘master piece’ and ‘The Little School’ is one of them. Moreover, literary figures with their creative abilities give tough time to dictators even during their brutal regimes and leave everlasting images on history and literature. Deep observation and strong memory is considered an asset of any person. Alicia Partnoy proves in The Little School that she is not short of these qualities. From the first story of the novel, her kidnapping from the house, to the last story, she elaborated each and every detail of the event in artistic manners. She successfully points out the brutal aspects of the Dirty War. By utilizing her power of deep observation, she notices each and every incident during the course of her imprisonment; keeps them in her mind while using astonishing skill of memory and elaborated before readers after her release. â€Å"The guard’s shift was organized in three groups of four guards each† , the sentence shows her deep observation and memory. By giving a surprise to her admirers, she tells exact numbers of security guards in The Little School at different timelines of a day. By drawing a sketch of a security guard she writes, â€Å"Approximately 22 to 23 years old, 6 ft., 154 lbs., straight hairs, brown eyes, white complexion, regular features†

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 95

Essay Example Nor is there anyone equal to Him† (Surah Ikhlas cited in â€Å"112- Surah Al Ikhlas†). This Surah overtly explains the superiority of Allah in all ways. It is revealed that nobody gave birth to Allah nor has Allah any son of daughter, which clearly refutes the claim that the Christ is God’s son, and this is what lays the basis of difference in the Christian and the Muslim perspective of God Almighty. It has been declared that nobody is equal to Allah in any respect, which essentially obviates the need for any gods or goddesses. This is why Muslims believe in no gods and goddesses but one God who is Allah. â€Å"Accurately knowing Allah is the pillar whereupon Islam in its entirety hinges† (Al-Jibouri). Since Allah is the supreme power, He can handle everything himself and does not require any other god or goddess to help Him in His matters, nor is there any god or goddess because Allah did not make any. However, Allah made angels that carry out His orders and do as He directs them. The concept of God in Islam requires the Muslims to believe in only one God i.e. Allah as the one with the supreme power, believe in His angels, His holy books including the books that he sent before Quran via other prophets, belief in the prophets, and the Day of Judgment. The belief in Allah obliges the Muslims to live the life the way Allah has instructed through Quran as well as the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). Any Muslim who thinks that there is anybody in addition to Allah who feeds him or gives him all the blessings of life does Shirk. The essence of being a true follower in Islam is acquiring peace by submitting one’s will to Allah. Muslim faith says that man on Earth is Allah’s messenger. Before, Allah sent thousands of prophets to carry his message to the people, but the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) was the last Prophet. After him, it is the responsibility of every believer to spread the light of Islam to the non-believers so that the message

The Drink of a Real Man Essay Example for Free

The Drink of a Real Man Essay What makes a man? Is it ruggedness and toughness? Is it dominance and patriotism? Does a man drink only the hardest liquor to prove his manhood? Jim Beam thinks so. In the depths of this Jim Bean Bourbon advertisement lies a stereotype in American society that is inaccurate. Through the language of colors, font, and actual text, men get an idea of what a real man should be. A â€Å"real man† should have the qualities of bravery and toughness. Men are constantly pressured by society to act tough for people to respect them. A real man would drink Jim Beam Bourbon rather than a flavorful drink that tastes good. The real definition of a man, in Jim Beam’s case, is a dominant, strong human being. The message the advertisement promotes constrict men by denying the variety of qualities any man might possess and further advocates the stereotype of how men have to be tough in order to be considered a real man. At first glance, you notice the massive, bold, white font in the middle of the compelling advertisement. It is near impossible to avoid this writing because the letters pop out at you. On the left side of the advertisement, the bold lettering reads â€Å"President Truman Drinks a Glass of Bourbon Every Day, and on the right side of the ad continues, â€Å"Then He Kicked The Commies Out of South Korea. These words imply several different meanings in the text itself. The advertisement refers to President Truman as a symbol of patriotism and independence. The ad condones â€Å"kicking the commies out of South Korea† because Jim Beam is patriotic and wants independence. The text illustrates a cause and effect chart; President Truman drinks bourbon every day, the effect is he gained manhood and patriotism, and kicked the communists out of South Korea. This advertisement purposely chooses to promote the â€Å"good† qualities of manhood, which include masculinity, sturdiness, and toughness. The colors in the advertisement display masculinity as the background has an aged wood look mixed with some colors of brown, white, black, copper, and sea green. These colors are dull and attract the male eye because of its manly color scheme. On the left half of the advertisement there is a picture of an eagle carved into a wooden slab. The wood is very uneven and rugged, to symbolize how a man is also rugged and emotionally rough. The eagle is America’s national bird; it represents a symbol of freedom and patriotism. Through this eagle alone, the advertisement promotes patriotism and the idea that real men who drink Jim Beam Bourbon are patriotic, just as President Truman did. The eagle is also a symbol for strength and courage, two characteristics that a â€Å"real man† must possess. The right side of the page displays a Jim Beam bottle of bourbon with a wall of old, antique pictures hanging up slightly faded in the background. The picture that most stands out is the one of the owl on the far right, which symbolizes perfect wisdom, in this case, the wisdom for a man to pick Jim Beam Bourbon over any other alcohol brand. The picture of the actual bourbon bottle is slightly hidden behind the text that reads â€Å"Then He Kicked The Commies Out of South Korea†, and is placed in the middle of a wooden table. The placement of the bourbon bottle could represent stability and strength, which is what America was built on. This advertisement is very pleasing to men because it makes them feel strong and patriotic and Jim Beam bourbon can define them as â€Å"real men†. This advertisement appeals to almost every American man old enough to drink, specifically the men who love this country and the idea that American men can conquer any situation. The subtext under the bottle on the right half of the advertisement reads, â€Å"Bourbon is America’s official native spirit. Jim Beam is the number one bourbon in the world. Maybe that’s because since 1975 we’ve been about the stuff inside. TheStuffInside.com†. The text comforts you because it claims bourbon is the official native spirit of America and Jim Beam is the number one bourbon in the world providing a sense of security. This allows Americans to drink Jim Beam and know that their country made this and allows them to appreciate the patriotism that comes with it. For this reason, the words â€Å"We’ve been about the stuff inside,† are significant as well because they have a double meaning. They can mean the actual bourbon contained in the glass bottle itself, or the strength and the characteristics of what makes a man on the inside. Jim Beam will help men feel strong because they are drinking the bourbon that President Truman drank to beat the communists. Men who see this advertisement will think that drinking Jim Beam bourbon will make them feel more important, more patriotic, and more masculine. What these men will not see is the advertisement is not only selling the item for consumption, but also selling ideas about American culture. Underneath the colors, underneath the font, underneath the pictures, this advertisement is essentially selling the idea that the perfect man must be strong, patriotic, aggressive, and dominate. This ad reinforces this stereotype of men, insisting that there is only one kind of man that can actually be called a real man. This real man is forcibly strong, patriotic, and tough. Overall, the advertisement conveyed it’s message about how strong, patriotic American men drink Jim Beam Bourbon, but it does not take into consideration the remaining population of American men who are not strong or patriotic.

Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Genetically Modified Food Essay Did you know that 62 countries have strict laws against genetically modified foods? 30 of those 62 have eliminated or almost completely banned genetically modified foods from their market (Partovi). All of Europe has almost completely done away with these altered forms of comestibles and requires labeling for anything with even a trace of modified content. GMOs (genetically modified organisms) are in nearly 80 percent of the United States processed foods (Lowery). These genetically modified foods have been linked to several serious health conditions. Among these threats are: obesity, ADHD, and cancer. These foods should be restricted from our American markets. Obesity now kills more people than starvation and malnutrition (Barrow). In America, 63 percent of Americans are overweight (Fox). In places such as Europe, where GMO foods are highly restricted, there are lower rates. America has the highest number of obese people in the world (Fox). Places where GMOs are not present or are harder to find and labeled, there is a lower percentage of overweight people. Monsanto, the world’s largest GMO producer, conducted 3 separate studies of GMO foods affect on animals (Tencer). These findings were published in the International Journal of Biological Sciences. Their test concluded overall increases in the animal’s body weight as compared to the animals starting weight, and the control group. It also showed that â€Å"GM maize varieties induce a state of hepatorenal [i. e. kidney and liver] toxicity. † ( Does Genetically Modified (GM) Food Increase the Incidence of Obesity, 2012). Another link to GMO foods has been ADD, and ADHD. I myself have ADD and have done very extensive research on it. I do my best to eat natural foods and do not touch fast foods or soda and a majority of most sweets and junk foods. In animals fed GMO foods, studies have shown that there are similar patterns of behavior and similar physiological issues that plague people with ADD and ADHD. These problems are signs that exhibit quick irritation, aggressiveness and hyperactivity (Daniels). One scientist commented on this study and said, â€Å"They have all of the severe allergy responses, the inflammation and the reddening†¦ the intestinal lining is deteriorating. † (Daniels). This is reflected in people with autism, a mental disability that many psychologists believe umbrellas the ADD and ADHD disability. Another factor driving more children to develop ADD and ADHD are the pesticides used on GMO foods. A study discovered that pesticide by-products were found in the urine of the 1,140 children sampled. â€Å"Children with substantially higher levels of a breakdown product of neurotoxic organophosphate pesticides were twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. † (Zerbe). These pesticides are designed to attack the neurological system of pest, but have been linked to harming humans as well. One of GMO foods worst problems is its link to cancer. In a 2 year study done with rats (yes, done with more animals), the results of GMO foods were shocking. The control group was fed only clean foods, while the test group was fed only GMOs. The test showed that 50 percent more of the test rats died prematurely and 50 percent more of the females developed large tumors and cancer. The tumors in the test group were two to three times larger than the control group and developed in half the time it took the control group (Poulter). Quite of few GMO foods have been linked to cancer through carcinogens. These foods contain small trace amounts of carcinogens. Milk containing rBGH (recombinant bovine growth hormone) is the more notable of these foods; containing higher amounts of carcinogens than most other GMO foods (Collier). Very few studies of the long term effects of GMO foods have been done in America. Short term studies show GMO foods don’t harm us in anyway because they only contain slight amounts of pesticide, poisons, toxins, or carcinogens. 62 countries have strictly regulated or banned these foods because of the possible effects and long term studies of GMO foods. The problems and medical conditions these foods have been linked to are very serious and affect our entire nation. Most of our food has some sort of genetically modified content. Monsanto itself has concluded that GMO foods are harmful to animals, yet they continue to produce and distribute the genetically modified foods anyway. In fact, the Monsanto Protection Act (officially named Section 735) actually â€Å"effectively bars federal courts from being able to halt the sale or planting of controversial genetically modified (aka GMO) or genetically engineered (GE) seeds, no matter what health issues may arise concerning†¦. † (Connor). This basically means we can be fed poison and our own government could not stop them. We should stop the process of all GMO foods until we have researched enough about them to develop safe, poison free foods. Partovi, Ali. Are Un-Labeled Genetically Modified Foods Already in Circulation? The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 08 Jan. 2013. Web. 28 Apr. 2013. Lowery, Kate. Studies Show GMOs in Majority of U. S. Processed Foods, 58 Percent of Americans Unaware of Issue. Studies Show GMOs in Majority of U. S. Processed Foods, 58 Percent of Americans Whole Foods Market, 07 Oct. 2012. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Barrow, Martin. Obesity Kills More than Hunger in March of progress' The Times. The Times, 14 Dec. 2012. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Fox, Elizabeth. Obesity in America Compared to Europe. LIVESTRONG. COM. Live Strong, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Tencer, Daniel. Monsanto, Worlds Largest Genetically Modified Food Producer, To Be Charged With Biopiracy In India (VIDEO). The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post, 10 Mar. 2011. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Global Research. Does Genetically Modified (GM) Food Increase the Incidence of Obesity? Washingtons Blog, 20 Mar. 2012. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Daniels, Diane. Are Genetically Modified Foods Contributing to the Rise in Autism? Brain Works. Brain Worls, 14 May 2012. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Zerbe, Leah. Pesticides in food linked to ADHD in kids† Msnbc. com. Rodale, 09 Nov. 2011. Web. 27 Apr. 2013. Poulter, Sean. Cancer Row over GM Foods as Study Says It Did THIS to Ratsand Can Cause Organ Damage and Early Death in Humans. Mail Online. Daily Mail UK, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 27 Apr. 2013. Collier, Richard. Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH)/Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rBST). Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH)/Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rBST). Breast Cancer Fund, n. d. Web. 28 Apr. 2013. Sheets, Connor. Monsanto Protection Act: 5 Terrifying Things To Know About The HR 933 Provision. International Business Times. International Business Times, 27 Mar. 2013. Web. 28 Apr. 2013.

The Extents Of Romeo And Juliets Love English Literature Essay

The Extents Of Romeo And Juliets Love English Literature Essay Although the prologue distinctly explains that Romeo and Juliet are A pair of star-crossd lovers, in opposition, both Romeo and Juliet maybe mediocre, average teenagers as we know today who are creating revolution against their parents wishes, on the other hand many traits and incidents question the validity of the fact that they maybe In love, although love is a big word metaphorically Juliet still continues to love Romeo despite her inevitable death, Perhaps the most overt aspect about Romeo and Juliet is how Romeo uses oxymorons to contradict his love for Rosaline, on the other hand Rosaline was Romeos perfect partner however she denied his love, whilst Romeo is with Juliet maybe he still sees Rosaline thus making the love between Romeo and Juliet debateable. Juliet maybe thirteen however, she may not even know what love is. Themes Love isnt the predominant theme within the play Romeo and Juliet, the themes that are going to be explored are: love, death, rivalry, light, darkness, destiny, chance, time, hatred and society. When Romeo enters the ball in Vienna he immediately perceives Juliet as the light of the ball: This symbolises that Romeo fallen in love, O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! This quote tells us that Juliet emulates gracefulness and beauty light is only darkness without Juliets presence, It is the east and Juliet is the sun! Juliet is being compared with the sun in this particular quote, It can be said that Shakespeare uses light as a personification of how Romeo truly feels about Juliet at the ball due to the fact all of what Romeo expresses about his love for Juliet distinctly relates to light. Perhaps the most philosophical aspect about Romeo and Juliet is that love is very essence of the play altogether, however within the play the diversity of attitudes between characters seem to alter as the play progresses, Is love a tender thing? It is too rough, too rude, too boisterous, and it pricks like thorn. Romeo perceives love as an Achilles heel at the beginning of the play, however as the play progresses Romeo perceives love not as an Achilles heel but as an essence of brilliance, Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I Neer saw true beauty till this night, although this quote distinctly explains what Romeo perceives Juliet as, this particular quote shoes that Romeo epitomizes love. The theme of society in general makes the reason why both Romeo and Juliet fallen in love straightforward, during the era Romeo and Juliet lived in their lack of morals and disregard of conformity simply wouldnt have been accepted if exposed, the simple fact that Juliet was practically forced to be in love to create revolution against the name of Capulet and a society held by the moral fibers of cynicism, within the play even religion is contradicted and ridiculed on regular basis even though diversity from Christianity to the rejection of religion is frequent Juliet perceives Romeo as a deity, the god of my idolatry, this quote puts emphasis on the fact that both Romeo and Juliet are in love in view of the fact blasphemy and lack of sympathy for Christianity is emphasized suggesting thatd they would reject conservative religious views purely for the purposes of love. Deny thy father and refuse thy name This quote as emphasized by Juliet informs us that she is able to persuade Romeo to reject his father and what the name Montague epitomizes just for the purpose of love, from a different point of view the quote could emphasize lust since both beings go to somewhat philosophical lengths aspects such as rebellion, death, unconformity and rivalry just for love this can only question the integrity of Romeo and Juliets love. The social and historical context Romeo and Juliet was originally written by William Shakespeare over four hundred years ago, during that time period society was a lot more conservative, The social and historical context of the play is beneficial for the audience in view of the fact the audiences understanding and perception of the play will help them analyze from many alternative points of view. The renascence era was a somewhat poignant era for Italy as traditionalism was the very foundation of Britain at the time. The renascence era perceived women with apathy women were at their fathers possession the stereotypical renascence family disapproved of liberalism and equality. The hierarchy of the traditional family was perceived as one of the most significant aspects of life; since men were dominant within the family they controlled all aspects of family life, at the time women were only used for the purposes of labour. Love within a marriage was futile at the time as marriage was built on the hierarchy of a particular family rather than a relationship with a groom or a bride. What makes social and historical so significant is the fact that Juliet decides to rebel ag ainst her families conservative ways, this gives the audience a philosophical sense of life within that era. What is so ironic about the liberalism that Juliet inherits from her disapproval of society is the fact that she actually conforms to the churches ways Romeos love for Rosaline To begin with Romeos believes that he is in love with Rosaline. Philosophically the uses of oxymorons to describe his love for Rosaline symbolises the fact that alternatively he wasnt truly in love with her he may have been infatuated with her. Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health. The oxymorons within the play are used to emphasize what Romeo naivety makes him believes is love for Rosaline, Oh brawling love! Oh loving hate. The oxymorons intention is to be somewhat contradictory; the philosophical significance of this oxymoron represents Romeos love for Rosaline however despite Rosalines constant rejection towards Romeo, Romeo still has feelings for her. From a different perspective Rosaline is a somewhat significant character within the development of the play; the reason being is that without Romeos dedication towards Rosaline he wouldnt have attended the Capulet ball. The initial impression of Romeo within the play is that he can be deemed as the paragon of child ishness, this idea is emphasized by the fact Rosaline wont except his loving gestures, From Loves weak childish bow she lives uncharmed. Romeo tells Benvolio that he feels melancholy due to Rosaline remaining chaste the reason why she is remaining chaste is the fact that she is going to become a nun due to her religious values she realizes as shes becoming a nun relationships are prohibited. Juliet As a character Juliet can be deemed as a paragon of diversity, what is somewhat significant about Juliets development as the play progresses is that she feels that love epitomizes futility to an extent were it can only be perceived as nothingness, this is emphasized due to the traditionalist views of marriage that ostensibly correlate with the daughter within a family, the pilgrims dialogue can essentially perceived as theoretical this is due to the fact that the pilgrims dialogue lets Juliet explore to a whole new world in an emotional sense. If I profane with my unworthiest hand this holy shrine, the gentle sin is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. The irony within the quote itself is somewhat distinctive this is emphasized by the fact that Juliets perception of love used to be that she thought of the hypothesis that it was merely unrequited love. However her perceptions alter dramatically as Romeo communicates a sixty seven word sonnet that highlights Romeos true feelings towards her soon afterwards Romeo and Juliet passionately kiss twice. Within the first balcony scene Shakespeare displays to the readers that Romeos perception of Juliet is that she is the archetype of beauty; Romeo believes that Juliets beauty is the embodiment of sunlight, it can be said that the balcony scene in its entirety is momentous this is emphasized by the fact that Romeo suggests that the moon is, sick and pale with grief this effective use of personification suggests, that Romeo truly loves Juliet as he is contrasting her beauty to the moon and making the distinction that she is a lot more beautiful than the moon by itself. Juliets diversity from traditionalist views at the time and societies views on sexual advancements, leaves her on a the edge of a progressive adolescence and a womanhood. Juliets adolescent state at that time is highlighted by the nurses views of Juliet, the nurses views are juxtaposed by Juliets mothers views of Juliets womanhood, as an idealistic, controversial conversation about Juliets arranged marriage to Paris happens, Thou wilt fall backward when thou hast more wit. This quote by the nurse highlights the fact that Juliet adolescent thus concluding that the nurses true perception of Juliet is that shes quintessentially somebody who is feebleminded. However Lady Capulet is perceived as a tyrannical and sophisticated entity in Juliets life expecting the best of Juliet without taking into consideration the complexity of Juliets emotion and the seriousness of the situation thus expecting her to willingly except the arranged marriage to Paris however Juliet perceives the marriage in its entirety as the paragon of futility, it is an honor that I dreamt not of. Lady Capulet sees the arranged marriage were love is just a figment what this marriage provides whilst her true feelings are set on the progression of social hierarchy and a dramatic increase in wealth for the Capulet family, So shall you share all that he doth possess. This quote explains that if Juliet were to marry Paris shed be sharing all his possession and itd make the Capulet family a lot wealthier concluding that Juliets mother has apathetic views on the subject of love as a whole. Within a traditional family at the time the outcome of an arranged marriage can be perceived as inevitable, paradoxically the rejection of an arranged marriage by an individual wasnt as uncommon many people believe during that era. Juliets apathetic views on the subject of marriage at the time couldve been considered by the perfunctory, conformist society at the time could possibly be considered as somewhat liberalist highlighting on the idea that arranged marriages at that time were an essence within the life and development of a young adult during that era, Ill look to like, if looking liking move, but no more deep will I endart my eye. Whilst deciphering the quote liberalism is soon emphasized as it goes contradicts the conformist views within society at the time; Juliet perceives love as an essence within a marriage between two partners if they love each other however the conformist views of society see marriage as a chance for increased wealth and social status. Evidently Juliet is diverse in personality for instance Juliet quotes; I have no joy in this contract tonight, it is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden. This signals that Juliet has no intention of marrying Romeo; on the other hand Juliet also quotes; If that thy bent of love be honorable, Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This quote is to some extent paradoxical this is due to Juliet explaining earlier she hadnt thought of marrying Romeo whatsoever however her new perception suggests that they should marry the next day thus completing altering her views on marriage. Alternatively this is rather major step in Juliets development for the reason that Juliet is able to change her perception and diversify from her own views solely for love, this puts emphasis on how solemn her perception of the bond between them truly is. Although Juliets soliloquy dedicates an aura of positivity for Romeo emphasizing the fact the relationship generally epitomizes optimism and euphoria however ; Juliets soliloquy within act 3 scene 2 contradicts the integrity of their love altogether, Gallop apace you fiery footed steeds' This quote puts emphasis on the fact she wanted time to travel faster for her waiting impatiently as though she was emulating an infatuated teenager thus putting emphasis on the fact that there love could only be an obsession between both individuals. Comparison between Rosaline and Juliet In comparing Juliet and Rosaline we can see that they are total opposites, Rosaline alters Romeos perception of love deeming it as ineffectual, Out of her favor where I am in love. As Rosaline doesnt consider the option of love towards Romeo it leaves Romeo confused, infatuated and cynical love stereotypically is meant to make you feel joyful and brilliant however when Romeo feels love emitted towards Rosaline it makes him feel depressive. Juliet is perceived as the opposite of Rosaline in comparison with each other what is so significant about Juliet is that she changes Romeos pessimism which progressed due to Rosaline turning it to optimism; with loves light wings this quote is idiosyncratic in relation to Romeos feeling towards Juliet the reason being is that Romeos optimism makes him feel as though the love dedicated to Juliet is distinctly natural in comparison with Rosalines imperfect love. Friar Lawrence views on Romeos unrequited love towards Rosaline as a progression of lust merely an infatuation, For doting, not for loving, This quote puts emphasis on the fact that the unrequited love shared by both Rosaline just generally left Romeo in a depressive, scornful mood and that love was truly out of the question it was only an obsession. Friar Lawrence later quotes, Not in a grave to lay one in, another out to have. This quote is momentous when reflecting upon the relationship shared between Romeo and Rosaline, the quote emphasizes the fact that Romeo should diversify and have a relationship with someone worthy. Juliet can be deemed as that someone who is worthy especially as she is able to alternate Romeos perception of love, Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! This quote as emphasized by Romeo demonstrates that when Romeo loves Juliet he feels happiness; on the other hand Romeo also considers contemplating death for Juliet thus contradicting the true nature of their love. Linguistic and literary devices used to describe love at first sight The richness of the language used by Romeo and Juliet to describe their feelings convey the message that both beings share a moving bond of love, O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! The quote expressed by Romeo describes Juliet as a personification of light; this informs the audience that Juliet seems to be the light in Romeos life, this describes Juliet as an individual of positivity within Romeos life the fact he is able to express himself so profoundly about her emphasizes the fact he is taking the relationship seriously. The pilgrims dialogue has an extreme philosophical significance, this is due to the blasphemous context surrounding it and how its able to convey the message that conservative, moral views at the time can be rejected purely for love, For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch, and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss. Shakespeares use of religion as a metaphor conveys the message that conservative values mean nothing when it comes to love, the impo rtance of blasphemy plays a key figure in are perception of love; this is due the message being conveyed that Romeo sees Juliet as a deity of sorts emphasizing the fact that this could only be an infatuation not even love at all, the perception of quotes of such blasphemy wouldve been viewed as immoral as religion at the time was a somewhat important essence of life of a traditional person within the era the true morality of Shakespeare of the time wouldve been questioned Shakespeares morality. The distinct message being conveyed is that both Romeo and Juliet are able to express love profusely for each other and that between both Romeo and Juliet love dominates over the traditional, conservative values of religion. The Idyllic use of the English language and metaphors within the play are somewhat idiosyncratic to both Romeo and Juliet there quick wittedness suggests that there exchanging in a game of world play, If I profane with my unworthiest hand  this holy shrine, the gentle s in is this:   My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand.  To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Juliet replies with, Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, Which mannerly devotion shows in this; For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch,   Ã‚  And palm to palm is holy palmers kiss. The hypothesis that both Romeo and Juliet are exchanging in a game of word play is idiosyncratic, this is due to the quick wittedness of both individuals who express metaphors quickly, and consequently this emphasizes the fact that both beings intelligence overall and the fact that they truly love each other. Dramatic Techniques used in the balcony scene The first balcony scene creates a powerful sense of romance, this is predominantly due to Romeos soliloquy at the very beginning of the scene as Romeo enters the Capulet orchard, As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heaven, Would through the airy region stream so bright that birds would sing and think it were not night. The use of light as a motif emphasizes the fact that love is evident between them and that Romeo has diverted from Rosaline. The audience is given an insight in to the minds of both Romeo and Juliet the soliloquy implemented by Romeo conveys a true sense of emotion as the scene progresses, It is the east, and Juliet is the sun aside from contrasting day and night and the light motif, the quote is used to emphasize Juliets beauty by comparing her to the sun, as the sun is a lot brighter and superior then any individual it is idiosyncratic that the message conveyed by Shakespeare is that Juliets superiority is emphasized; another example were Juliets dominance of Romeo is the fact that the stage direction explains that Juliet appears aloft The word aloft simply means up in the air, this emphasizes that Juliet is of higher hierarchy then Romeo. The use of dramatic irony is conveyed by Shakespeare as the use of light as a motif is used to describe Juliet when the setting of the orchard is purely darkness, The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars. The use of contrasting day and night is philosophical as it describes how Romeo feels about Juliet the language evokes a sense of love, its as though Juliet is the only thing worth living for, its as though Juliet is an essence Romeo cant be deprived of. Discuss the emotions that R and J experience during the balcony scene In terms of the emotions that Romeo and Juliet experience during this scene there are a number of ambiguities, the balcony scene is a truly puts emphasis on the fact that Juliet is open to her feelings, Romeo says: I am no pilot; yet, wert thou as far as that vast shore washd with the farthest sea, I would adventure for such merchandise. Juliet responds later with: Dost thou love me? I know thou wilt say Ay; and I will take thy word. It can be said that Juliet is open about her feelings towards Romeo, the predominant reason that Juliet seems to express her feelings towards Romeo is simply because of the conservative views Juliets parents have. What is ironic about Juliet expressing her feelings to Romeo is that there both enemy families, traditionally the expression of feelings of personal things towards a nemesis is rare. Although it can be said that Juliet trusts Romeo with her life, from an alternative perspective it could simply be naivety this is emphasized by her age, from a st ereotypical point of view the understanding of love from a teenager girl is imperfect the true integrity of love shared between them can be questioned thoroughly. Romeo can be deemed as a somewhat persistent character, he steals his way into the Capulet orchard with the intent to see Juliet, He jests at scars that never felt a wound. It is distinctive that Romeo is a diverse character this is emphasized by the fact that he is able to take the risk of actually trespassing the Capulet orchard however Romeo trespasses as he expects Juliet to condone his risk taking and reward him with something emphasizing the fact that lust is the only feeling that they both feel, O wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied. This quote is contradictory in view of the fact that it questions Romeos true intention to visit Juliet; this puts emphasis on Romeos role as a character the stereotypical view of Romeo during the balcony scene is that he Is dedicating love for her however from another perspective Romeo c ould simply be leeching of Juliets beauty for lust and not love. Although during the balcony scene many attributes question the integrity of their love, love is a quality Romeo is going to stick by, O, speak again, bright angel! For thou art. As glorious to this night, being oer my head, as is a winged messenger of heaven. What is significant about this quote is that Romeo contrasts Juliet to a bright angel. This emphasizes that Romeo although he is young he is able to love even though his character in its entirety is diverse. It can be said that Juliet is convinced that his plea is of legitimacy this is emphasized by the powerful language that Romeo uses. Lines 155-157 within scene two acts two within the play are theoretical when discussing whether Romeo and Juliet are in love with each other this is due to the context surrounding the quote, Juliet says: Tomorrow will I send. Romeo replies with So thrive my soul. It can be said that this metaphor isnt effective for the reason that both beings barely even know each other yet Romeo is able to devote himself in such a way to Juliet whilst he was infatuated by Rosaline just a few days ago although Juliet and Rosaline both Juxtapose each other Romeo could possibly see Rosaline whilst looking at Juliet. Although both Romeo and Juliet throughout the play seem to think that there in love the emotion is greeted with fear, I have no joy of this contract tonight: It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden; This quote highlights Juliets feelings, it emphasizes the fact that she thinks that the progression of their love is going too fast for her liking however what is also emphasized is the fact t hat she is still in possession of her time-honored perception of marriage. What is also emphasized is Juliets maturity as a character although shes young she is able to interpret that the situation is too fast for her liking. Romeo and Juliet defy the conventions of the time and their families Society at the time would look at both Romeo and Juliet with contempt this is due to the fact that they both dont uphold the conventions that wouldve been expected by their family and society at the time as they believed that there love was a lot more powerful then those conventions, Deny thy father and refuse thy name, Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And Ill no longer be a Capulet. This quote puts emphasis on the fact there perception of family honor is futile in comparison with their perception love, however it can be said that the quote is contradictory the reason being is that it highlights how serious they are about the love shared between them, however it also highlights that it could merely be rebellion as theyre willing to reject family conventions. What is significant about Romeo killing Tybalt is the fact that it shows that Romeo epitomized weakness by actually letting the homicide ensue, the essence of the killing itself was due to one of Romeos most valuable friends Mercutio perishing, My very friend, hath got this mortal hurt In my behalf; my reputation stained. The quote itself emphasizes the hypothesis that Romeo killed Tybalt for the sole purpose of avenging Mercutios death as Romeo couldnt live with his apparent guilt as he thought that Romeo himself in an emotional sense killed Mercutio. Society within the city of patriarchal was rather traditi onalist in the way they approached different subjects and made distinctions essentially on tyranny alone. Society was extremely perfunctory in that time to the extent that fathers epitomized tyrants, a prime example of this is Juliets father though he did love her and wanted what was truly best for her he can be seen as apathetic as he doesnt consider Juliets feelings for Romeo after Juliet explains that to him that shed rather not marry Paris, Proud can I never be of what I hate; But thankful even for hate, that is meant to love. After Juliet explains her feelings it is distinctive that Juliet has infuriated her father this is emphasized by the line Proud can I never be of what I hate; as she clarifies that if she were to be married she wouldnt be proud of herself Juliets father responds with, Hang thee, young baggage! Disobedient Wretch! My fingers itch. Wife, we scarce thought us blest. That God lent us but this only child; but now I see this one is one too much, and that we curs e in have her: Out on her, hilding! The quote by itself describes Juliet in a pejorative sense in the sense that hed rather see her hanged then to see her in not in matrimony and views Juliets feelings apathetically. Alternatively the quote itself emphasize the true extent of tyranny the father possesses as It highlights his true feelings for Juliet as hes been insulted by Juliet herself. Romeo and Juliets responses to their predicament The second balcony scene in its entirety differentiates significantly in contrast with the first balcony scene this is due to the fact both balcony scenes Juxtapose each other as the first balcony scene epitomizes optimism however the second balcony scene epitomizes pessimism, though art so low, as one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Either my eyesight fails, or thou lookst pale. Though the quote emphasizes Juliets cynicism alternatively it foreshadows the ending of the play itself whilst deciphering the quote the line as one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Is displayed as a prime example of foreshadowing and pessimism as it suggests that death is inevitable also the tomb itself is the Capulet family tomb this type of language is essentially significant and emotive as it suggests that one of the two star crossed lovers perishing is predestined and it also foreshadows the inevitable ending. It can be said that Friar Lawrence essentially acts a guardian for both Romeo and Juliet this is em phasized by the fact both characters are able to unravel there true feelings to him, Thou cutst my head off with a golden axe and smilest upon the stroke that murders me. This quote is effective in view of the fact it puts emphasis on the fact that Romeo is able to express his true feelings, alternatively it emphasizes how cynical Romeo can actually be as he wants Friar Lawrence to inflict the deadly act of homicide onto him Friar Lawrence responds with, O deadly sin! O rude unthankfulness! Thy fault our law calls death; but the kind Prince, Taking thy part, hath rushd aside the law, and turnd that black word death to banishment. This is dear mercy, and thou seest it not. Evidently Friar Lawrence is bemused that Romeo contemplated the idea altogether let alone ask the Friar to commit homicide. The Friar himself is trying to show mercy to the predicament itself however Romeo is too pessimistic to care about the Friar reaching out to him. Both of Juliets speeches differ In view of the fact they both contradict each other one speech talks about how Juliet wishes to die and the other talks about the morbidity of death itself, The horrible conceit of death and night, together with the terror of the place as in a vault, an ancient receptacle. The quote itself emphasizes Juliets hostile reaction towards death as she doesnt want to be lying perished in a vault for one thousand years next to other perished individuals from her family who died in many different ways. As mentioned before both speeches differ profoundly, this speech talks about how Juliet is willing to give perishing a chance, Give me some present counsel; or, behold, Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knife. Essentially Juliet is wants to commit suicide though whilst contrast both speeches there is a colossal distinction which leaves Juliet naturally undecided in whether not to go through with her suicidal actions. The dramatic portrayal of the suicide scene Shakespeare uses dramatic irony to convey a significant message, whilst Juliet is in the tomb contemplating her inevitable perishing she expresses one of the most profound quotes within the play which emphasizes her apathy, Death hath no power yet upon thy beauty. The use of dramatic irony shows to an extent how far Juliet is willing to go just for Romeo emphasizing infatuation, alternatively the readers of play themselves know that death has power upon beauty thus making Shakespeares use of dramatic irony effective as it emphasizes Juliets stupidity. Whilst Juliet is in the Capulet tomb she finds that Romeo didnt leave a drop of poison so Juliet wanted to die with him by her side, O churl, drunk all and left no friendly drop. The quote itself emphasizes the fact that Juliet actually wanted to die herself though Romeo didnt leave poison for her to actually commit the act of suicide the fact that she even contemplated suicide emphasizes her pessimism however in contrast with earlier scenes Juliet epitomized optimism and used quotes like, For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch, And palm to palm is holy palmers kiss. The quote emphasizes the love of both beings on religious terms and how Juliet used to be a very loving, optimistic individual when it came to Romeo in contrast with her current predicament which leaves her in an apathetic and pessimistic state. The importance of the prologues to Act I and Act II Both Prologues themselves are written in the form of a sonnet thus a sonnet back in Shakespeares time was the archetype of love, essentially prologues are used to emphasize what has happened within both scenes it also shows what Shakespeare specifically highlighted as certain parts are significant to the development and to help the readers decipher the play itself in a productive way. The first prologue distinctly informs us what actually happens in the play itself essentially its an overview of the play itself and it gives the reader relevant information about the play itself, It uses quotes such as; The fearful passage of their death-markd love. This quote displays the inevitable ending in the play itself which leaves the star-crossd lovers in a state of perishing the passage in this context is the journey leading up to the extreme point of death within the play death markd love in this context means suicidal love in a hypothetical sense it could alternatively mean infatuation sin ce dying for someone you know might not be considered as love however it could mean infatuation. The second prologue itself is the embodiment of foreshadowing as it predicts certain parts of the play in the form of a sonnet, Alike bewitched by the charm of looks; The quote itself means that the use of the physical appearance of both characters is a essentially a curse since there is so much conflict between other characters that correlate with the love between Romeo and Juliet that either results in wrath, sorrow or death. Conclusion In conclusion the perception of true love alters significantly though hypothetically it can be considered as infatuation since throughout the play conflict is commonly recognized in the play as it always ends up correlating with Romeo and Juliets love. Both beings themselves seem to be complex, extremely diverse individuals however cryptically there merely the embodiment of average teenagers as all teenagers fall in love with someone of either the same gender or a different gender. Liberalism and rebellion show that Romeo is able to risk his life just to see Juliet which can be considered as infatuation as risking death for an individual doesnt seem like traditional behavior for bot

Synthesis and Characterization of K2[Ni(CN)4] , K3[Fe(C2O4)3] and Cu(acac)2 Complexes :: Lab Report

Synthesis and Characterization of K2[Ni(CN)4] , K3[Fe(C2O4)3] and Cu(acac)2 complexes(IV , V and VI) with different structures and Properties 1. Introduction The aim of this experiment was to synthesize HgCo(SCN)4 , [Ni(en)3]S2O3 , NiCl2(PPh3)2 , K2[Ni(CN)4] , K3[Fe(C2O4)3] and Cu(acac)2 but only K2[Ni(CN)4] , K3[Fe(C2O4)3] and Cu(acac)2 were synthesized and explained in this report. Characterization was then done on each of the 3 synthesized complexes by obtaining their UV-Vis spectrum. The UV-Vis spectrum of each complex would identify different properties and would help to explain the observations made when they were synthesized (for example their colour and how they reacted). 2. Method Table 1: Synthesis of K2[Ni(CN)4] Amount of Reagents used Method Observations NiSO4 †¢ 7H2O : 6.00 g KCN : 3.01g In 20ml water NiSO4 †¢ 7H2O was dissolved and the solution containing KCN (dissolved in 7ml water) was added to the Nickel solution. This solution was filtered and the precipitate was washed with small quantities of water. This precipitate was added to the solution of KCN (dissolved in 3ml of water). This solution was heated and swirled so that the crystals that formed dissolved. It was heated again and left so that crystals started forming again. This solution was then placed in an ice bath to enhance crystallization and the crystals were removed by filtration. The water was removed by drying the crystals in the oven at 100 °C. A small amount of the sample was dissolved in water and the UV-Vis spectrum was obtained. Nickel (II) sulphate hexahydrate was used in place of heptahydrate. When the precipitate was added to the KCN solution, it turned dark red. As it was heated it darkened even more but as the crystals started forming the colour changed to a light red. As the crystals dried more its colour changed from light red-orange to a light yellow colour. These crystals were dissolved in water for the UV-vis spectrum. The solution was a yellow colour. Table 2: Synthesis of K3[Fe(C2O4)3] Amount of Reagents used Method Observations (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 †¢ 6H2O: 5.03g To a solution of (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 †¢ 6H2O (dissolved in 20ml water) 1 ml of sulphuric acid was added and stirred. The oxalic acid (dissolved in 25ml water) was also added and this combined solution was slowly heated to boiling, resulting in the formation of yellow iron(II) oxalate precipitate. The liquid was decanted and 15ml of hot water was added again to the precipitate, this was stirred and filtered. The precipitate (iron(II) oxalate) was transferred to another beaker and a potassium oxalate solution (dissolved in 10ml hot water) was added.

Essay --

The United States of America accounts for only 5% of the world’s population, yet as a nation, we devour over 50% of the world’s pharmaceutical medication and around 80% of the world’s prescription narcotics (American Addict). The increasing demand for prescription medication in America has evoked a national health crisis in which the government and big business benefit at the expense of the American public. (II) The enacting of Medicare Part D in 2006 only helped to fuel America’s hunger for prescription medication. In 2003, President George W. Bush announced and signed the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (also known as the Medicare Modernization Act, or MMA) on December 8th. The roughly $400 billion dollar measure was marketed to the American public as something that will provide care for the millions of senior citizens who, at the time, were struggling to afford prescription medication. This was the largest development of Medicare since 1965, which is when the program was initially created, and gave hope to those wishing for positive medical reform. According to title XI of the â€Å"Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003†, the most significant change will be the affordability of prescription drugs by implementing the importation of drugs from Canada, along with necessary safety measures, in order to lessen t he cost (United States Congress, 832). For those who were in retirement homes and lacked a steady income, the affordability of drugs was often a deciding factor in the decision to seek medical attention and the idea that those individuals ceased to live simply because they lacked the funds tugged at the heartstrings of many Americans. Although the Medicare Moderniza... ...pecially with the use of DTC advertising, to such a wide range of afflictions greatly increased their consumer base, but one of them proved to be deadly. In 1999, four years after Lilly sent study results to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration showing Zyprexa didn’t alleviate dementia symptoms in older patients, it began marketing the drug to those very people, according to documents unsealed in insurer suits against the company for overpayment.(Applbaum, 248). Soon after it began to be used in those suffering from dementia, there were studies produces that showed an increase in death rate among elderly patients taking Zyprexa. In January of 2009, Eli Lilly and Company, who produced the drug, ended up settling the lawsuit and agreed to pay $1.415 billion which was one of the biggest corporate settlements in the history of pharmaceutical companies (Applbaum, 237).

Truman Capotes In Cold Blood Essay -- In Cold Blood Essays

1. Title: â€Å"In Cold Blood.† 2. Author plus biographical background information: Truman Capote, one of America’s most famous writers was born in New Orleans in 1924 and died in California in 1984. He wrote both fiction and non- fiction stories. (for example this book, â€Å" In cold blood†) short stories, novels, travel writing, profiles, reportage, memoirs, plays and films. 3. Number of pages: 336 4. Theme (s): - Murder - Feelings 5. The Clutter family. Herb Clutter: He’s the father of the murdered family. He’s forty-eight yr. old. Herb is a normal man, who makes a living with the farm he owns. His social contacts in the neighborhood and the people of Holcomb community are very good, people love to talk with him and Mr. Clutter is a member of the agricultural society. Mrs. Clutter: She’s the mother of the family, and loves miniature things. She has two kids, a girl named Nancy and a boy named Kenyon. The daughter is very much loved in town by boys who like to hang out with her, but she already has a boyfriend named Bobby Rupp. Nancy has another love, and that’s her old fat horse named Babe. The brother of Nancy is Kenyon, he’s a boy who likes to fish and hunt. Chase coyotes on his â€Å"Coyote wagon†, just a normal boy. Perry and Dick. Perry Smith is a very quiet person who had a lousy childhood, which affected his behavior in worse form. He seems to be a quite decent person to talk with, but he’s very easily influenced. In the end you feel a little sorry for him because Truman Capote describes him as a person who had a very difficult childhood. Perry was the person who killed the Clutters by shooting their brains out with a .12-gauge shotgun. He’s feel’s no sorry for the crime he has committed. But he also says he liked Mr. Clutter, and thought he was a very nice man. Then there is his companion named Richard (Dick) Hickock. He’s the one who comes with the idea of robbing the Clutter family and to kill any people in the house on the moment of the robbery. When they’re looking for the safe of Mr. Clutter, they find out that there isn’t any safe in the office of Mr. Clutter. They decide to tie the family up and kill them. Dick doesn’t dare to pull the trigger so Perry has to do the dirty work. Dick first was planning to rape Nancy Clutter, but Perry kept him from doing that. People who are sexually obsessed make him mad. In the story you’ll know ... ...about what they’ve done. But they are very pissed of the fact that there was so little money in the house ( they only got 40 $ ). They decide to go to Mexico to flee and hide for the police, who are starting an investigation on the Clutter murder case. The whole city of Holcomb is shocked by the killing of the loved family and everybody is scared. Perry and Dick stay in Mexico for a while but then they want to return to the states again, they decide to hitchhike back to the USA. Then Floyd Wells, a former cellmate of Dick. Dick told Wells that he was planning to kill the Clutters and leave no witnesses. Floyd Wells reads about the murder and tips the police of the possible murderers. Dick and Perry stole a car when they were back in the US, they also pass out false cheques and spent the money on a holiday in Miami. Then they travel to Las Vegas where the police catch them. They are questioned about the murder and they finally make a full confession. They spent the rest of their time in jail until they have to go to court to hear their punishment. The jury as the judge decides to give them the dead penalty by hanging. Eventually both of the men are hanged on April 14 1965. Truman Capote's In Cold Blood Essay -- In Cold Blood Essays 1. Title: â€Å"In Cold Blood.† 2. Author plus biographical background information: Truman Capote, one of America’s most famous writers was born in New Orleans in 1924 and died in California in 1984. He wrote both fiction and non- fiction stories. (for example this book, â€Å" In cold blood†) short stories, novels, travel writing, profiles, reportage, memoirs, plays and films. 3. Number of pages: 336 4. Theme (s): - Murder - Feelings 5. The Clutter family. Herb Clutter: He’s the father of the murdered family. He’s forty-eight yr. old. Herb is a normal man, who makes a living with the farm he owns. His social contacts in the neighborhood and the people of Holcomb community are very good, people love to talk with him and Mr. Clutter is a member of the agricultural society. Mrs. Clutter: She’s the mother of the family, and loves miniature things. She has two kids, a girl named Nancy and a boy named Kenyon. The daughter is very much loved in town by boys who like to hang out with her, but she already has a boyfriend named Bobby Rupp. Nancy has another love, and that’s her old fat horse named Babe. The brother of Nancy is Kenyon, he’s a boy who likes to fish and hunt. Chase coyotes on his â€Å"Coyote wagon†, just a normal boy. Perry and Dick. Perry Smith is a very quiet person who had a lousy childhood, which affected his behavior in worse form. He seems to be a quite decent person to talk with, but he’s very easily influenced. In the end you feel a little sorry for him because Truman Capote describes him as a person who had a very difficult childhood. Perry was the person who killed the Clutters by shooting their brains out with a .12-gauge shotgun. He’s feel’s no sorry for the crime he has committed. But he also says he liked Mr. Clutter, and thought he was a very nice man. Then there is his companion named Richard (Dick) Hickock. He’s the one who comes with the idea of robbing the Clutter family and to kill any people in the house on the moment of the robbery. When they’re looking for the safe of Mr. Clutter, they find out that there isn’t any safe in the office of Mr. Clutter. They decide to tie the family up and kill them. Dick doesn’t dare to pull the trigger so Perry has to do the dirty work. Dick first was planning to rape Nancy Clutter, but Perry kept him from doing that. People who are sexually obsessed make him mad. In the story you’ll know ... ...about what they’ve done. But they are very pissed of the fact that there was so little money in the house ( they only got 40 $ ). They decide to go to Mexico to flee and hide for the police, who are starting an investigation on the Clutter murder case. The whole city of Holcomb is shocked by the killing of the loved family and everybody is scared. Perry and Dick stay in Mexico for a while but then they want to return to the states again, they decide to hitchhike back to the USA. Then Floyd Wells, a former cellmate of Dick. Dick told Wells that he was planning to kill the Clutters and leave no witnesses. Floyd Wells reads about the murder and tips the police of the possible murderers. Dick and Perry stole a car when they were back in the US, they also pass out false cheques and spent the money on a holiday in Miami. Then they travel to Las Vegas where the police catch them. They are questioned about the murder and they finally make a full confession. They spent the rest of their time in jail until they have to go to court to hear their punishment. The jury as the judge decides to give them the dead penalty by hanging. Eventually both of the men are hanged on April 14 1965.